Die Querschnittsklausel des Art. 11 AEUV: konkretisierbare Vorgabe oder allgemeiner Grundsatz?

In numerous rulings, the ECJ has developed specifications as the requirements of art. 2, 19 TEU (rule of law, independence of courts) are concerned. The following paper argues – on the basis of the different rulings of the ECJ concerning the independence of courts – that art. 11 TFEU embraces also procedural aspects. They should ensure that institutionalised procedures assure the effectiveness of the obligation formulated in art. 11 TFUE to consider environmental concerns in all policies of the European Union.