Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms in Spain

The current situation regarding Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Spain may be characterised by some key features. First, Spain is currently one of the EU member states in which GMOs are most widely used in agriculture.1 In a relatively short period of time, this country has moved from extensive, traditional agriculture to high-tech and aggressive production methods (intensive use of pesticides, use of GMOs, etc.). Little heed has been paid to the environmental drawbacks, or to the creation of a space or a visible market for ‘organic’ agricultural methods or produce. This development of the GMO business has occurred rather quietly, without significant social opposition, with the exception of action taken by some (small and diffuse) environmental NGOs. However, the actual use and dissemination of GMOs in agriculture (primarily in the form of maize farming) is not uniform between the Spanish regions (Comunidades Autónomas), as will be highlighted in section VI. In general terms, it can be said that Spain has taken a rather favourable approach to GMOs, although public opinion is becoming increasingly aware of the concerns associated with their use.